Project Background
Transcript: 0m Extensive environmental impact Important question in New World Archaeology Pre-Columbian Amazon-Scale Transformations (P A S T) Drone to Scan Amazonia VUX-1 LIDAR Scanner – Point Density @ 550KHz Vegetation/Forest Removal Algorithm Applied – Geoglyph Detected Projeto Geoglifos - CNPq Remote sensing Origin of Amazonian Landscapes The Payloads Live video and telemetry Amazonian Dark Earths Lower Amazon Tapajos Culture 1000-1600 A.D. The Remote Sensing System Airborne LiDAR Data Acquired on 16/09/2013 Possibly a smaller Geoglyph The Potential of Airborne LiDAR Technology in Finding Amazonian Archaeology Under Forest Ethnohistory Botany Tall The Remote Sensing part of the project aims to address the following questions: IMU/GNSS accuracy – The drone’s built-in IMU is relatively poor in accuracy Looking for a cost-effective survey grade IMU/GNSS system e.g. xNAV250 roll/pitch 0.05 deg and heading 0.1 deg @ min 2m separation of L1/L2 GNSS antennas Travassos - Exeter Brazilian UAV – NAURU 500B Brazil da Silva - Acre Deforestation 450+ Geoglyphs Construction/maintenance Fertile terra preta soils, human-made, productive until today Amazonian forest site in Acre, Brazil – Bonal Municipality What was the nature and geographic scale of the environmental disturbances? Did pre-Columbian land use have a lasting effect on modern forests? And, if so, how can it inform modern conservation and sustainable agricultural practices? VUX-1 LIDAR Scanner – Max. Meas. Range @ 550KHz Large scale biomass removal/burning RIEGL Survey-grade VUX-1 Laser Scanner Europe Dr. Heiko Prümers - German Archaeological Institute, Bonn, Germany Prof. Martti Pärssinen - University of Helsinski, Finland Prof. Per Stenborg - University of Gothenburg, Sweden Prof. Francis Mayle - University of Reading, UK Dr. Stephen Rostain - CNRS, France Latin America Prof. Denise Schaan - Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Brazil Dr. Charles Clement - INPA, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil Dr. Luiz Aragão - INPE, National Institue of Space Research, São Paulo, Brazil Dr. Araujo Murakami - Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia 3 @550KHz meas. ranges above 250m become ambiguous) Khan Exeter Forest Structure over archaeological sites Soil Science Deforested Geoglyphs ~ 450+ Archaeology IMU System Status Large, numerous, hierarchical, complex socities 5-band Multispectral Camera R,G,B, RE, NIR with Shutter Controller Schaan – Para Use multispectral data to find spectral signatures of ADEs 2 VUX-1 Ring ditches 500m Project Background Remote Sensing System System status Challenges Short Geoghyph Builders 1 A.D.-1400A.D. Upper Purus - Interfluves Payload1: VUX-1 LIDAR Scanner Minimal impact on environment Ring Ditches Villages 1200-1400 A.D. Baures - Bolivian Amazon Cultural parkland Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) / Spectral signatures/ health Middle Purus – Madeira Interfluves Use vegetation removal algorithms on LIDAR point clouds to detect under-forest ancient earthworks – e.g. geoglyphs and ring ditched DGPS (L1/L2), IMU mems based Five fixed cameras – video transmission Top view LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION Small bands of hunter gatherers, shifting cultivators ‘Virgin’ wilderness Major Remote Sensing Goal – Under forest archaeology Maezumi - Exeter Aragao INPE GNSS Antenna Data terminal 20-30 km LOS Limited resources/Small scale biomass burning 1 Ground Control Station Payload2: XniteElph110-5 Band 32 Megapixel Optical Camera Specifications: Light weight ~ 3.85 Kgs Compact - 22.5 x 18.0 x 12.5 cm Max PRR 550 KHz Max effective meas. rate 500, 000 meas./sec 200 scans/sec, parallel lines Unlimited echoes/Ambiguity resolution Accuracy 10 mm Max. FOV 330o 240GB internal SSD Max. altitude AGL 350m -> safer drone operation Pristine, primeval, untouched and LIDAR point cloud to find forest structural features Current Challenges Specifications: One B-G-NIR (680-800nm) camera One G-R-NIR (800-900nm) camera Light 480g with controller and batteries Compact 19.0 x 7.5 x 2.7 cm NDVI, ENDVI, Spectral Signatures Rectangular Geoglyph 4 Ground Control Station Bestel -Exeter Palaeoecology The support equipment includes: transport case, fuel tank with fuel pump, starter, battery charger, field keys, chair, fan for engine cooling. Nature and Scale of Pre-Columbian Impact? 500m NAURU 500B UAV - Airframe Salman Khan and José Iriarte Department of Archaeology, College of Humanities, University of Exeter Archaeobotany 0m Outline Ericksen - Helsinski Drone under production in Brazil VUX1 LIDAR in procurement process 5-band RS camera acquired VUX1 LIDAR training in July Flight training, sensor/drone integration, and testing in August and September in Brazil First field season in October – Santarem and Acre, Brazil NAURU 500B UAV – Support Equipment Global climate effects HISTORY 5-band Multispectral Camera RGB, RE, NIR 500m Fixed-wing -> Amazonia is huge Easy maintenance -> wooden Only day flights in dry season Autonomy 4-5.5 hrs. Max.