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School of Pharmacy

Transcript: - Cassia italica is a wild distributed plant in tropical regions of the world, deserts, semi deserts and grassland regions. - In Oman, it could be found in many regions (Dhofar, Muscat, Al-Sharqiya and Al-Dakhliya) - Locally known as (Holoul) School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Nursing Graduation project B-pharm 2014-2015 PHCY382 Pharmacognostic evaluation and cytotoxic activity of Cassia italica leaves grown in Oman. Submitted by: Noor Mazin Abdullah ID: 70032384 Supervisor: Dr. Mohammad Sohail Akhtar Spring 2015

School of Pharmacy

Transcript: - Cassia italica is a wild distributed plant in tropical regions of the world, deserts, semi deserts and grassland regions. - In Oman, it could be found in many regions (Dhofar, Muscat, Al-Sharqiya and Al-Dakhliya) - Locally known as (Holoul) Submitted by: Noor Mazin Abdullah ID: 70032384 Supervisor: Dr. Mohammad Sohail Akhtar Spring 2015 * It is a small shrub which grows up to a height of around three feet with green stalks. * Oblong shaped pods or fruit cases. * Flowers are yellowish in color and usually asymmetric. * Leaves are alternate, equally pinnate, smooth, opposite, obovate, rounded in shape. DISTRIBUTION CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS REPORTED School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Nursing Graduation project B-pharm 2014-2015 PHCY382 Pharmacognostic evaluation and cytotoxic activity of Cassia italica leaves grown in Oman. MORPHOLOGY Alkaloids Glycosides Flavonoids Proteins and amino acids Sterols Carbohydrates Phenolic compounds Saponins Tannins

School of Pharmacy

Transcript: Antimicrobial (1) To collect the leaves of Cassia italica and make it into powder form. (2) To do the powder microscopy of leaves powder. (3) To perform preliminary phytochemical screening. (4) To prepare crude extracts of leaves of Cassia italica with different organic solvents. (5) To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the different extract of Cassia italica leaves. Microscopy of leaves powder: Indicator CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS REPORTED Preliminary phytochemical screening * Powder have been soaked with Ethanol (24 x3) * Filtered under vacuum by Buchner apparatus. * Evaporated at low pressure using rotary evaporator. Hypoglycemic The aim is to test the presence of different chemical constituents using qualitative tests: COLLECTION OF THE PLANT * Compound microscope was used. * Slides have been prepared with fresh powder. * Slides have been observed in different magnification powers (4x - 40x power). Test Flavonoids Phenols Alkaloids Glycosides Results and Discussion Brine shrimp lethality test Petroleum ether Re-extraction * It is a small shrub which grows up to a height of around three feet with green stalks. * Oblong shaped pods or fruit cases. * Flowers are yellowish in color and usually asymmetric. * Leaves are alternate, equally pinnate, smooth, opposite, obovate, rounded in shape. Disappearance of Yellow color Blue\Green color Red ppt Red\Pink color Revealed the presence of four chemical constituents: Crude organic extract from Cassia italica leaves Chemicals 1- Four structures of Cassia italica leaves have been identified under the microscope: Paracytic stomata. Bent trichomes. Pitted vessel. Groups of fibers with calcium oxalate. 2- Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of: Alkaloids. Glycosides. Flavonoids. Phenols. School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Nursing Graduation project B-pharm 2014-2015 PHCY382 Pharmacognostic evaluation and cytotoxic activity of Cassia italica leaves grown in Oman. Hydroalcoholic So, Middle polar and polar extracts are more active against the brine shrimp larvae. Flavonoids - Amount of crude extracts obtained from Cassia italica leaves after 72 hours of the maceration in ethanol was 7.45 g. - The amount of fractionated extracts is listed in the table below. MORPHOLOGY Thank you Brine Shrimp Test Microscopy of leaves powder Alkaloids. Glycosides. Flavonoids. Proteins and amino acids. Carbohydrates. Phenolic compounds. Saponins. Tannins. - Cassia italica is a wild distributed plant in tropical regions of the world, deserts, semi deserts and grassland regions. - In Oman, it could be found in many regions (Dhofar, Muscat, Al-Sharqiya and Al-Dakhliya) - Locally known as (Holoul) - Crude extract was re-dissolved in (ethanol:distilled water 1:1 mixture). - Re-extracted with Petroleum ether (50ml x 2) and chloroform (50ml x 2) By Separating funnel. - Solvents were removed using rotary evaporator. - Petroleum ether, Chloroform and Hydro-Alcoholic extracts. Anticancer 3- Hydro alcoholic and Chloroform extracts showed very good cytotoxic activity. 4- Petroleum ether extract showed no activity. 5- The cytotoxicity and anticancer properties are due to the presence of flavonoids. 7- The brine shrimp lethality test (BST) has been found to be a quick, versatile method for evaluating general bioactivity of plant extracts. Antioxidant Brine shrimp lethality test Probit analysis of mortality (LC50) of Petroleum ether, chloroform, and hydro alcoholic extracts of Cassia italica leaves against brine shrimp larvae (n = 10) OBJECTIVES * Leaves have been collected from Muscat region. * Leaves were dried in shade for three weeks. * Ground using kitchen blender to powder (150g). - Hydro alcoholic extract has highly active and showing very good cytotoxic activity. - Chloroform extract showed cytotoxicity activity. - Petroleum ether extract showed no activity, its LC50 value is very high Anthraequinones Laxative - 50 mg of brine shrimp eggs were sprinkled in artificial sea water. - Placed in a dark compartment of a small polyethylene tank divided into two chambers. - The sea water was prepared by dissolving 38 g of sea salt in one liter of distilled water. - The other compartment was illuminated to attract the shrimp larvae from the dark chamber once they are hatched within 24 hours PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES REPORTED Extraction of crude extracts Hatching of shrimp larvae: Conclusion Anthraquinone glycosides (Sennoside A and B) 1- Paracytic stomata. 2- Bent Trichomes. 3- Pitted vessel 4- Groups of fibers with calcium oxalate prism shaped crystals (Animal studies) - Preparing testing concentrations corresponding to 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mcg/ml. - Leaving them overnight in the fume hood for evaporation. - 3 ml of artificial seawater was added in each beaker with 10 shrimps larvae - Diluted to 5 ml with artificial sea salt. -The beakers were illuminated and maintained at room temperature for 24 hours. - The numbers of survival were counted, percentage of mortality was

pharmacy school

Transcript: Be positive and achieve your goal :) Attending pharmacy school G.P.A Attend in school every day ; attending only is not enough. write notes during class . use your planner or agenda as a reminder for you.

SCHOOL OF PHARMACY

Transcript: Sem 1 & Sem 2 1. Mentor-mentee on SOP orientation day - identify students' training need 2. SSC's workshop 3. SSC's FG - results sharing (anonymous) 4. First year students' performance-week 4 quiz 5. 10th National Pharmacy Sports Carnival 6. Mid-autumn festival 7. Pharmacy Annual Dinner 2017 1. Introduction to Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) Certification 2. eLearning Sharing Session 3. Workshop for curriculum review (series of workshop) 4. PD day Quality Advancement Staff Learning Needs 2016 Assessment Workshop (half-day) - Principles of assessment in outcome-based education - Assessment blueprinting - Constructing questions Thank You Monday, March 06, 2017 Gamification About e-Learning First Year Experience (FYE) Gamification - SOP sharing session (tools, activities, e-Learning) Blackmores Project Project Transformer 1.0/ 2.0/ 3.0/ 4.0 Vol I, No. 01 UPDATES - SCHOOL OF PHARMACY

School of Pharmacy

Transcript: Antimicrobial Microscopy of leaves powder: CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS REPORTED Preliminary Phytochemical Screening * Powder have been soaked with Ethanol (24 x3). * Filtered under vacuum by Buchner apparatus. * Evaporated at low pressure using rotary evaporator. Hypoglycemic Prof. Ahmed Al-Rawahi Chancellor, University of Nizwa. Stock solution Objectives COLLECTION OF THE PLANT and to all my teachers and laboratory technicians.. * Compound microscope was used. * Slides have been prepared with fresh powder. * Slides have been observed in different magnification powers (4x - 40x power). Results and Discussion Brine shrimp lethality test 1ml of stock solution + 9ml of DCM Prof. Nafsiah Binti Shamsudin Dean of the College of Nursing & Pharmacy. Preparing crude extracts of different organic solvents Flavonoids 9. Ahangarpour A, Akbar Oroojan A, The effects of Cassia italica leaves aqueous extract on non-pregnant uterus contraction in rats, Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 2010, 8: 179-180. 10. Sermakkani M, Thangapandian V. GC-MS Analysis of Cassia Italica leaf methanol extract, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2012, (5), 2: 92-93. 11. Modibbo AA, Nadro MS. Hepatoprotetive Effects of Cassia Italica Leaf Extracts on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Jaundice, Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, (2) 2: 382. 12. Balasankar D, Vanilarasu K, Selva P, Preeth, .Rajeswari , M.Umadevi M, Bhowmik D. Senna – A Medical Miracle Plant, Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies (2013), Volume (1),3: 43. 13. Ahmed M, Fatin A, Emad S, Hany E. Potent Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Active Ingredients Separated from Solanum nigrum and Cassia italica Extracts. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 2014, 1 : 147-149. 14. Agarwal V, Bajpai M, Pharmacognostical and biological studies on Senna and its products, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2010, 2, : 8 15. Balasankar D, Vanilarasu K, Selva P, Preeth, Rajeswari S, Umadevi M, Bhowmik D. Senna – A Medical Miracle Plant, Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies (2013), Volume 1, 3, : 41-43. 16. Parekh J, Chand S. Phytochemical screening of some plants from Western regions of India. Plant Arch, 2008; 8: 657 – 662. 17. Harborne J B. Methods of plant analysis. Phytochemical Methods. London; Chapman and Hall, 1973, pp. 176-183. 18. Mclaughlin JL, Rogers LL, Anderson JE. The use of Biological Assay to Evaluate Botanicals, Drug Info. Journal 1998, 32; 513-524. 19. (USEPA) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1994. EPA Probit analysis program. Calculating LC/EC values Version 1.5. (http://www.epa.gov/nerleerd/stat2.htm). 20. Bravo L. Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism and nutritional significance. Nutr.Rev., 1998; 56: 317-333. Re-extraction * It is a small shrub which grows up to 3 feet. * Oblong shaped pods or fruit cases. * Flowers are yellowish in color and asymmetric. * Leaves are obovate, smooth, opposite and rounded in shape. Collection of plant leaves and make the powder form Revealed the presence of four chemical constituents: Crude organic extract from Cassia italica leaves Dr. Mohammed Sohail Akhtar Assistant Dean (Research). 1- Four structures of Cassia italica leaves have been identified under the microscope: Paracytic stomata. Bent trichomes. Pitted vessel. Groups of fibers with calcium oxalate. 2- Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of: Alkaloids. Anthraquinone glycosides. Flavonoids. Phenols. School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Nursing Graduation project B-pharm 2014-2015 PHCY382 Pharmacognostic evaluation and cytotoxic activity of Cassia italica leaves grown in Oman. So, Middle polar and polar extracts are more active against the brine shrimp larvae. Flavonoids - Amount of crude extracts obtained from Cassia italica leaves after 72 hours of the maceration in ethanol was 7.45 g. - The amount of fractionated extracts is listed in the table below. Different qualitative tests have been done to detect the presence of different plant secondary metabolites in Ethanolic extract of Cassia italica leaves. 125mcg/ml MORPHOLOGY Preliminary phytochemical screening Thank you Brine Shrimp Test Microscopy of leaves powder 1- Alkaloids. 2- Anthraquinone glycosides. 3- Flavonoids. 4- Phenols. 5- Saponins. 6- Tannins. 10mg/ml - Cassia italica is a wild distributed plant in tropical regions of the world, deserts and semi deserts. - In Oman, it could be found in many regions (Dhofar, Muscat, Al-Sharqiya and Al-Dakhliya) - Locally known as (Holoul) Dr. Shyam Sundar Acting Associate Dean & Assistant Dean. - Crude extract was re-dissolved in (ethanol:distilled water 1:1 mixture). - Re-extracted with Petroleum ether (50ml x 2) and chloroform (50ml x 2) By Separating funnel. - Solvents were removed using rotary evaporator. - Petroleum ether, Chloroform and Hydro-Alcoholic extracts. 1. G.H. Schmelzer, A. Gurib-Fakim, Plant resources of Tropical Africa. Medicinal plants 1, Ed. 11, Pg.509. 2. Al-Saady

Pharmacy School

Transcript: Pharmacy School How Far I Have Come Shanon Vartanian / USC School of Pharmacy 2018 Imposter Syndrome "Time and time again, I have heard people explain that the first year of pharmacy school is the toughest, not because of the material, but because of how much each PharmD Candidate must change to succeed. In this first year of pharmacy school I hope to understand what works best for me when it comes to this graduate program. This is the time for me to grow and progress as a student and as a professional. As I become older, time management becomes more crucial and I have the perfect opportunity to practice planning my life out during this year. So far, I have realized just how much better I have become at using my free time through out the day to not only finish my assignments, but also participate in various meetings and trainings. With this practice I hope that in the next 3 years I will take on more responsibilities in the clubs I have joined thus far, such as SNPhA and NCPA." Imposter Syndrome Reflecting back, I can see how scared I was to not be good enough, to not know enough, and to not belong. I have learned over the last 4 years that everyone, at one point feels the same way. We come in thinking that we are going to change the world and then when we are given the opportunities to do, we do not feel good enough. I have learned to be patient with myself, patient with the process because life is a series of learning experiences, all of which will make me a better person, the best version of myself. As I look to the future I will not let "imposter syndrome" ever make me feel like I am not good enough, because I am, I am worthy. I will do what I set out to do when I first started pharmacy school - better the lives of all the patients I encounter. 2019 I Belong Here, I Really Do P2 year I started my journey as Director of Health Fair Operations for NCPA "This experience helped me exercise my patience and taught me to avoid taking these interactions with patients personally. Usually, when there is an altercation with a patient that does not go smoothly, I find myself dwelling on it since my feelings get really hurt." I had a preceptor during APPE that really helped me with this concept that I am still working on. He told me that to feel sadness and frustration is normal, but it is important to remember that by controlling your emotions you are helping making this moment with the patient about them and not about you, and that is how you truly help them in the end. 2020 One word: COVID-19 "I spoke to a man on the phone and wanted to ask him if he would like to get all of his medications synced to save him trips to the pharmacy. The conversation went so well, we were laughing and connecting so it even gave me the chance to counsel him on some of his medications that he was refusing to take. At the end of the conversation he even agreed to come get the flu shot, something he had not been comfortable doing at the pharmacy. After that one conversation this man kept asking for me every time he would call the pharmacy!" One word: COVID-19 COVID-19 really reminded me the value of human interaction - especially when I come a pharmacist because I will be the person patients look to in some of their darkest times. COVID-19 taught me to be more patient with people, I learned that I never know what is happening in someones life so I need to always lead with kindness. COVID-19 also taught me that in order to help others, I need to help myself; it sprouted me to seek therapy so that I could lead everyday with compassion for myself and all those that i encounter. COVID-19 taught me to slow down and enjoy all my interactions and experiences. Life is short and precious. 2021 Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Learned how to transition from a student to a pharmacist - to - be through not only my knowledge but my actions and accountability 2022 The Residency Process: It's Time to Shine As Clement Stone once famously expressed, “You are the product of your environment. So, choose the environment that will best develop you toward your objective.” The match process was not an easy one. In the end, my hard work and dedication paid off and I am so excited to see what the future holds for me. Future My Future Endeavor I enter the future with more confidence, in myself and my abilities as a pharmacist. Although I changed my mind with every experience I had, I knew that in the end I could not give up the joy direct patient care gave me. I still am learning how to stop internalizing my patients feelings as I learned I do in my P2 year, and will continue to work on this through the years to come. It was through the last 4 years that I learned how much impact a good teacher has on students, and I hope to one day serve as a mentor to pharmacy students.

Pharmacy School

Transcript: What I learned in Pharmacy School Leah Simms Hypertension Hypertension a systolic blood pressure of 130mmHg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure of 80mmHg or more Definition Drug Classes Drug Classes First-line Antihypertensives First-line Thiazide Diuretics ACE inhibitors CCBs ARBs Second-line Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity Diabetes Diabetes Obesity Obesity Diarrhea Diarrhea Constipation Constipation Kidney, Fluids, and Electrolytes Kidney, Fluid, and Electrolytes Lipids Lipids Statins MOA: inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis; HMG-CoA Inhibitor Statins HIgh intensity High Intensity Atorvastatin 40-80mg Atorvastatin Rosuvastatin 20-40mg Rosuvastatin Who is given high intensity statins? Moderate Intensity Low Intensity Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism Depression Depression Alzheimer's Alzheimer's Disease

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