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Fungus Like Protists

Transcript: Sexual Reproduction: - Two haploid amoeboid cells fuse - Engulf surrounding amoeboids to form a single organism called a macrocyst. - Macrocyst then undergoes meiosis and mitosis and releases haploid individuals Cellular Slime Molds - Over 500 species - Filamentous protists that absorb their food from the surrounding water or soil - May invade the body of another organism to live - Extend fungus-like threads into host's tissue and absorb nutrients - Cell wall is not composed of Chatin - Instead it is made of compounds and glycan - Nuclei are diploid - Begin their life cycle as an amoeba like cell - Feed from engulfing food particles and nutrients into their cytoplasm by a process called Phagocytosis - Single Cells with thousand of Nuclei - Individual flagellated cells swarm together and fuse - One large bag of cytoplasm with thousands of diploid Nuclei Plantae - Most of their lives as free-living amoeboid cells - Feed on tiny bacteria or yeast cells - When food supply is gone, produce spores that can survive harsh conditions Slime Molds - Eukaryotic organisms - All very different from one another - Classified into 3 groups - Plant-like Protists - Animal-like Protists - FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS - Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Phylum Arcrasiomycota "Slime Nets" Water Molds Water Molds: Oomycota Two Main Groups: Slime Molds and Water Molds What Are Fungus-Like Protists? Fungus Like Protists - Heterotrophs that absorb nutirents from living and dead organisms, and wastes - Grow in damp, organic rich place Water Mold Plasmodial Slime Mold: Phylum Myxomycota Cellular Slime Mold: Phylum Arcrasiomycota Reproductive steps: 1. Send out chemical signals to attract other cells of the same species 2. Thousands of cells aggregate into a large sluglike colony that functions as a single organism, called a Pseudoplasmodium 3. Produces a fruiting body, slender reproductive structure that produces spores 4. Spores are scattered by the wind 5. Each spore gives rise to a single amoeba-like cell starting the cycle all over again Plasmodial Slime Molds Labyrinthulomycota Eubacteria True or False? Water Mold: Phylum Oomycota By: Jako Ho 2 Types: Phylum Myxomycota Interesting Fact: Animalia Slime Mold Organism Classification System Summary - Phytophthora infestans caused the Great Potato Famine - Killed nearly a million people in Ireland in 1846–1847 - Wiped out the country’s potato crops - 1.5 million Irish to flee the country - Potato crops were clones of a few original imports from South America, they had no natural ability to resist the pathogen. - Heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter - Grow in damp, organic-rich sites -Rotting logs or decaying plants on the forest floor - Produce spores - Lack Chitin in their cell walls - Classified into mainly 2 groups Archaebacteria Fungi Protists 1. Plasmodial Slime Molds spend most of their lives as free-living cells until food supply is gone. 2. Fungus-like protists are very similar to Fungi, especially when one compares their cell walls. 3. There are over 500 species in Oomycota. 4. A species from the Cellular Slime Mold caused the Irish Potato Famin in 1846. 5. A Pseudoplasmodium is a multicellular mass that is resulted from the collection of many seperate amoeboid cells. 6. Plasmodial Slime Molds feed by engulfing small particles of food into their cytoplasm. 7. Fungus-liek protists can be heterotrophic and autotrophic at times. Fungus-Like Protists

Fungus-like Protists

Transcript: Answer Scientific Articles Protists are part of the Eukaryote domain, and they can be parasitic. TRUE Animal-like Protists (Protozoans) A Fungus-like Protists C A C C C -New research from paleobiologist Susannah Porter at University of California -Perfectly circular drill holes that may have been formed by an ancient relation of Vampyrellidae amoebae -Shows earliest evidence of predation in eukaryotes TRUE Protists usually reproduce asexually, but some species can reproduce sexually as well. C Protista have been in existence for around 1.5 billion years! -Resemble fungi -Live on dead organic matter -Extend fungus-like threads into their host's tissues -Releases enzymes to absorb nutrients -3 types of fungus-like protists -Absorb nutrients from other organisms -Some can be parasitic Protist: - A eukaryotic organism - Usually unicellular - Not a fungus, plant, or animal - Autotroph or heterotroph - Asexual or sexual Fun Fact! Works Cited Protists Plasmodial slime moulds Euglena (Example of protist) False: Animal-like protists consume other organisms for food. 6. True or false? -Amobea living in Louisiana tapwater -The deaths of 2 children had occured -The brain is an essentail reproductive environment -Attacks host cell by eating at its contents -Effects the immune system Fungus like protists absorb nutrients from only non-living organisms, and wastes Protists live in almost any environment containing liquid water! A A 5. True or false? -Individual amoeboid cells with one nucleus each -Cell feeds by ingesting tiny bacteria or yeast cells -Releases a chemical that causes them to gather together to form a pseudoplasmodium Water moulds Cellular slime moulds "Tiny Vampires" True or False! TRUE Animal-like protists (protozoans) are animal-like because they mate in similarity to living organisms. By Alexia and Camille -Heterotroph: absorbs nutrients from living organisms, dead organisms, and wastes -Produce spores, just like fungus -Differ from fungi at the cellular level (ex. the cell walls are very different) -3 different types of fungus-like protists FALSE: The third type of fungus-like protist is the water mould, NOT the bacterial mould. Plant-like Protists -Amoebas, ciliates, and flagellates -Consume other organisms for energy -Some species are parasites C Fun Fact! 1. True or false? The three different groups of unicellular protists are the Animal-like protists, Fungus-like protists, and Plant-like protists. The 3 types of fungus-like protists are: plasmodial slime moulds, cellular slime moulds, and bacterial moulds. -Euglenoids, diatoms, dinoflagellates -Develop their own food by photosynthesis -Consumes other organisms while light is unavailable -Live as symbionts within other organisms (larger organism is the host) -Visible to unaided eye - looks like a tiny slug -Creeps over decaying plant material -Contains many nuclei -Feed by engulfing small particles into their cytoplasm Characteristics of Protists The 3 Types of Fungus-like Protists Fungus-like Protists Did you know? 4. True or false? There are over 60,000 different types of protists! C FALSE: Absorbs nutrients also from living organisms Cohen, J. (2016, May 26). Tiny vampires. Retrieved June 06, 2016, from http://universityofcalifornia.edu/news/tiny-vampires Dunlop, J. et al. (2010). McGraw-Hill Ryerson Biology 11. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Gonzalez, R. (2012). Can we stop the spread of brain- eating amoebas that killed two children in Minnesota? Retrieved June 07, 2016, from http://io9.gizmodo.com/5935019/minnesota-children-are-dying-from-brain-eating-amoeba Introduction "Brain Eating Protists (Naegleria Fowleri) Populating Lakes Everywhere" A 2. True of false? 3. True or false?

FUNGUS- LIKE PROTISTS

Transcript: § Phylum Acrasiomycota § Spend most of their lives as free-living cells resembling soil amoebas § When food supply is gone, produce spores that can survive harsh conditions § Reproductive steps: 1. Send out chemical signals to attract other cells of the same species 2. Thousands of cells aggregate into a large sluglike colony that functions as a single organism 3. Produces a fruiting body, slender reproductive structure that produces spores 4. Spores are scattered 5. Each spore gives rise to a single amoeba-like cell starting the cycle all over again Acellular Slime Molds Respiratory Metabolism FUNGUS- LIKE PROTISTS Use to be classified in the kingdom fungi but is now classified under the kingdom protista. Because the fungus-like protists move one time in their life and fungi do not, they are no longer classified in that taxonomic category. Reproduction At some stages of life are unicellular, at others is multicellular Body Plan Resources: Circulatory Help to decompose and recycle nutrients in an ecosystem. Harmful because they can cause disease in organisms. - Asexually: mate is not needed, they form spores - Sexually: takes place in specialized structures that are formed by hyphae. Antheridium produces male nuclei and oogonium produces female nuclei. Fertilization takes place and spores form a new organism. Water Mold Use the process diffusion from the external environment through their cell walls and/or membranes. No circulatory system present due to their thin cell membrane, all the nutrients they need are transported through diffusion or active transport. Slime Molds Digestion Water Molds Cellular Slim Molds § Phylum Myxomycota § Begin their life cycle as an amoeba-like cell § When they aggregate, cells fuse to produce structures with many nuclei or plasmodia. § Can grow as large as several meters in diameter § Sporangia (small-fruiting bodies) spring up from the plasmodium § Haploid spores scatter and germinate forming amoeba-like cells § Cells fuse into a sexual union to produce a diploid zygote and the cycle is repeated Nervous - Intracellular: The digestive system that fungus-like Protists has, uses a phagosome. This is a vacuole that is formed around a particle/food substance in order to absorb nutrients from the particle. The process is known as phagocytosis. Slime Mold Helpful vs. Harmful - Heterotrophs with cell walls - Usually dead organic material What are fungus-like protists? Do not have a nervous system, however, they communicate by sending hormones to one another. Since protists are either unicellular, which means they can't have specialized cells as they only have one cell; or they are multicellular without specialized tissue, that also means they wouldn't have a nervous system as that would rely on specialized tissue. http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/ugm/academic/Team702/liberatore/SAGE%20Website%20for%20Kingdoms/Amie%20and%20Jena/Fungus.htm http://jcareywi.tripod.com/id23.html http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/biology/plant-biology/protista/fungi-like-protista http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/LCSYellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html They are protists that absorb their food from dead organic matter. Most fungus-like protists use psuepods, (“false feet”) to move around. Lack chitin in their cell walls Three types: ► - cellular slime molds ► - acellular slime molds ► - water molds Unicellular Recycle organic material Found on forest floors or a backyard compost pile At one stage in their life cycle, they resemble amoebas In the other stage, they form moldlike clumps that produce spores Body resembles that of fungus Divergent Event § Resembles white fuzz growing on the surface of dead fish in the water § Phylum Oomycota § Thrive on dead and decaying organic matter in the water § Some are plant parasites on land § NOT true fungi ► Cell walls made of cellulose and produce motile spores § Reproduce both sexually and asexually ► - Asexual reproduction involves hyphae (thin filaments) which develop into zoosporangia (spore cases). Flagellated spores swim away in search of food. Spores develop into hyphae when they find food and grow into a new organism ► - Sexual reproduction takes place in specialized structures that are formed by hyphae. Antheridium produces male nuclei and oogonium produces female nuclei. Fertilization takes place and spores form a new organism.

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