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Fluoroscopy

Transcript: Used to view motion of organs; such as digestive tract, heart & joints and to aid placement if catheters and other devices. They are also used in x-rays, arthographies, & lumbar punctures etc. Definition X-rays are directed through body to florescent screen that displays motion images of internal structures. Why do patients get this done? What it's used for IV will be removed Cardiac catheterization- recovery of several hours of immobilization of body parts Any redness/swelling of IV notify doctor Doctor will give you more information after your procedure is finished Ultrasound vs. Fluoroscope This procedure/examination helps diagnose diseases, guide doctors to treatments for certain issues, and it has a small radiation risk. Video After Procedure (3 DAYS BEFORE) Patients must purchase: Miralax (laxative), Dulcolax (laxative), & Gatorade (G2 low calorie) Drink clear liquids, take 2 Dulcolax tablets at 3 pm, at 5 pm mix Gatorade & Miralax. Drink 8 oz. of mix every 10 minutes, if patient gets nauseous they should drink the mix more slowly. 1-2 hours later, patient will start to have diarrhea, then at 8pm swallow Dulcolax. (DAY BEFORE PROCEDURE) May be put into different positions on x-ray table, move body part & hold breath while procedure takes place Additional insert site may be used for catheter Special x-ray machine will be used to produce images Remove jewelery, remove clothing & change into a gown. IV will be given Similarities: Both produce images of moving organs Both are diagnostic procedures Helps guide injections in small joints Differences: Fluoroscopy is radiation-based Ultrasound is sound wave-based and includes no radiation Fluoroscopy creates a bigger picture and a wider range of organs Flouroscopies can cause radiation-induced cancer, erythema, or more serious burns 4-10 million pain procedures are performed annually in the US, and 50% of those are performed under fluoroscopy From the 1920-60's, fluoroscopies were popular in American shoe stores. Salespeople claimed the machines were the best way to measure feet. Interesting Facts Before Preparation Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy

Transcript: Fluoroscopy can be used in many examinations and procedures, such as barium X-rays, cardiac catheterization, placement of intravenous (IV) catheters , intravenous pyelogram, hysterosalpingogram, and biopsies. Fluoroscopy is an important tool for pacemaker surgery. It is also used in placement of eating tubes, without this, it would have failed. Fluoroscopy can be used as a diagnostic procedure, can also be used in conjunction with other diagnostic or therapeutic media or procedures. Fluoroscopy is used to assist doctors to see blood flow through the coronary arteries, so as to assess what causes arterial occlusion. Fluoroscopy assists the doctor in guiding the catheter into a specific location. Fluoroscopy is used in barium enemas, swallowing and meals, in defecating proctograms and enteroclysis. Fluoroscopy is also used in orthopedic surgery. Angiography of the leg, blood vessels and heart uses fluoroscopy, Cons Uses in the medical field Fluoroscopy Webdesign, C. (n.d.). Fluoroscopy. Retrieved October 09, 2017, from http://www.rasloimaging.com/features/fluoroscopy/ Fluoroscopy. (n.d.). Retrieved October 09, 2017, from http://veterinaryspecialtycare.com/diagnostic/fluoroscopy/ Fluoroscopy. (n.d.). Retrieved October 09, 2017, from http://www.cradiology.com/examinations/fluoroscopy.html G. (n.d.). Fluoroscopy GIFs - Find & Share on GIPHY. Retrieved October 09, 2017, from https://giphy.com/search/fluoroscopy Azad, A. (2013, May 13). X- ray Fluoroscopy. Retrieved October 03, 2017, from https://prezi.com/hy-0cgvcjkmf/x-ray-fluoroscopy/ Fluoroscopy. (n.d.). Retrieved October 05, 2017, from https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=Fluoroscopy&step_word=&hs=0&pn=114&spn=0&di=46898544770&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=485724845%2C921078168&os=1587209073%2C1684835874&simid=3374906905%2C210215764&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=232&fr=&fmq=1507221665916_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedsearch.com%2Fattachments%2F00%2F22%2F45%2F30%2F22453050%2F1532-429X-14-21-2.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bkt54j1fjw6vi_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3FgtiAzdH3FT5ow61f-6jws-pt4j-vw61t5ewfv7sw6-4w2gjptvAzdH3Fdd9cnaca_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=3c&rpstart=0&rpnum What is a Fluoroscopy and Why Might You Need It? (n.d.). Retrieved October 03, 2017, from http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/orthopaedic/fluoroscopy_procedure_92,P07662 Center for Devices and Radiological Health. “Medical X-Ray Imaging - Fluoroscopy.” U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 2 Mar. 2017, www.fda.gov/radiation-emittingproducts/radiationemittingproductsandprocedures/medicalimaging/medicalx-rays/ucm115354.htm. Accessed 3 Oct. 2017. What is it - Fluoroscopy can result in high radiation doses, especially for complex interventional procedures. - Radiation- injuries to the skin and underlying tissues like “burns”, which will occur in a very short period after the exposure. - Radiation-induced cancers, which may occur in a long period (sometime later in life). - Soft tissue resolution is very poor. If you are pregnant, You need to notify your doctor before scheduling the exam. For other options, you may discuss with yout doctor You will be provided with a patient gown, and may asked to wear it. You will be provided a locker to place your personal belongings. You need to remove all jewelry and valuables, it's best to leave them at home. You must drink lots of fluid. You can drink only black coffee, plain tea, clear fruit juice or water . You cannot eat cream and milk. Low residue foods are best for you - Such as white bread, cream of wheat, meat (no fried food!), chicken, ham, and all defined liquids are allowed. You need to avoid raw fruits, raw vegetables, nuts, raisins, whole-wheat products, cold cuts, cheeses, hotdogs, and meat fats. If you are allergic or sensitive to medication, you need to notify the radiologist or technologist. How it works How a patient is prepared Pros Procedure sources A fluoroscope allows a physician to observe the internal structure and function of a patient. It is a study of moving body structures. It is a type of imaging technology which uses x-rays to provide detailed information in real time. It shows a continuous X-ray image on a monitor, It's just like an X-ray movie. X-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined. Fluoroscopy procedures are used to help diagnose disease, or to guide physicians in the treatment procedures. Fluoroscopy 's best used is to examine how things move through the patients' body. It is used for blood flow studies Fluoroscopy is used in many types of examinations and procedures to treat or diagnosis patients. For example : -Barium X-rays and enemas • It is not a painful procedure • There is valuable informationcan be find from this technology

Fluoroscopy

Transcript: 100 to 1200 mA The primary function of the fluoroscope is to provide real-time dynamic viewing from anatomic structures. Dynamic studies are examination that show the motion of circulation or the motion of internal structures. It differs from radiographic imaging by its use of continuous beam of x-rays to create images of moving internal structures that can be viewed on a monitor. 3 seconds Thomas A. Edison invented the fluoroscope in 1896 Fluoroscopic system used for dynamic imaging of internal structures. Dead man switch A brighter image is a result of the high-energy electrons striking a small-output phosphor. Accelerating the electrons increases the light intensities at the output phosphor (Flux Gain). The reduction in size of the output phosphor image compared with the input phosphor image also increases the light intensities ( Minification gain). Brightness Gain is the product of both flux gain and minification gain and results in a brighter image on the output phosphor. Difference between Fluoroscopy and Radiographic Imaging Hand switch or fedal switch Fluoroscopy Radiographic Imaging 0.5 to 5mA Image-Intensified Fluoroscopy Exit radiation -> input phosphor -> Electrons -> Output phosphor -> visible light -> electronic video signal -> television monitor Fluoroscopy Is the process in which the exit in radiation from the anatomic area of interests interacts with the input phosphor, for conversion to visible light. The light intensities are equal to the intensities of the exit radiation and are converted to electrons by a photocathode (photoemission). Brightness Gain Image Intensification 5 minutes The image light intensifies from the output phosphor are converted to an electronic video signal and sent to a television monitor for viewing.

Fluoroscopy

Transcript: When Thomas Edison heard of this 'x-ray' and developing 'fluoroscope' he set out to do his own experiments. With help from his assistant, he created a more developed fluoroscope to share with the public in 1896. In the 1950s, the fluoroscope was developed even more with the invention of the TV camera and x-ray image intensifier. There is a small risk of cancer It is not painful Valuable information is gained through this procedure The information gained will help prevent future procedures 0 -1 Radiation in Veterinary Medicine It was first developed in the 1890s by Wilhelm Roentgen, a German Physicist who discovered and named the 'x-ray'. Started out as a cardboard funnel filled with gas, one end opened for the observer's eye. Barium- 140 56 Iodine- 131 53 Cons Pros Iodine: 53 Protons 73 Neutrons Purpose I Locating objects in the tissues/organs that do not belong For example- Food in the trachea (windpipe) Image-guided injections into joints or spine To see flow of blood through arteries and examine for blockage Guiding catheter (flexible tube used to remove liquid) to a specific spot in the body Fluoroscopy uses x-ray radiation. The type of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) is decided by how long the procedure takes. Most often, Fluoroscopy is a short procedure and is alpha or beta radiation. Type of Radiation Elements in Fluoroscopy Main Scientists Involved www.veterinaryspecialtycare.com www.smithsonianmag.com www.heritage-education.com www.hopkinsmedicine.com www3.epa.gov www.fda.gov www.pedrad.org www.lifespan.org www.news-medical.net www.prezi.com=x-ray &fluoroscopy www.chemistryexplained.com e Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging used to produce a real-time, moving image. Kind of like an "x-ray movie." It is used in veterinary practice and medical practice to see the body in detail. A & Z represent the unknown isotopes My Opinion What is Fluoroscopy? Ba A Z X Uses Barium: 56 Protons 81 Neutrons + Isotopes of Barium I think we should continue to use fluoroscopy. It has many positive aspects. For example, it allows us to spot problems and treat those problems before it can cause any major conflicts. Also, it doesn't have any crucial health issues, the risk of cancer is very low. The only thing operators have to be careful about is the length of the procedure. But, if the procedure is short, the radiation will not be high enough to cause major health problems. When the procedure is short, I think it it is very beneficial. Wilhelm Roentgen Doses can lead to random and long-term effects (like cancer) Risk of allergic reactions Symptoms might not be noticed for a couple weeks Can cause radiation induced injuries to the skin such as burns e Early History 0 -1 Isotopes of Iodine Bibliography The element used in fluoroscopy are mainly barium and iodine. They are swallowed (or injected) by the patient and allow the x-rays to show the movement of the substances through the body. Purpose is to capture, monitor, replay and manipulate video of a specific part of the body. Used to evaluate specific parts of the body and diagnose problems. Balanced Nuclear Equation For Staff- Minimize exposed time Maximize distance from equipment Shield other devices Wear proper clothing For Patients- Reduce time under radiation Follow FDA advisory Record all info to help identify potential injury Have follow up with patient A Z By Cate Knothe Clarence Dally Barium-130 Barium-132 Barium-134 Barium-135 Barium-136 Barium-137 Barium-138 These are the isotopes of Barium that are naturally occurring, however, most are not used in medicine. More History + Early Fluoroscope Iodine-131 is the isotope of Iodine most commonly used in medicine and fluoroscopy Safety Fluoroscopy Thomas Edison X Wilhelm Roentgen Thomas Edison Clarence Dally (Edison's Assistant)

Fluoroscopy

Transcript: Fluoroscopy A dye or contrast substance may be injected into the IV line in order to better visualize the structure being studied. The type of care required after the procedure will depend on the type of procedure done. Certain procedures, such as cardiac catheterization, will require a recovery period of several hours with immobilization of the leg or arm where the cardiac catheter was inserted. Other procedures may require less time for recovery. The doctor will give more specific instructions related to care after the examination or procedure. A special X-ray scanner will be used to produce the fluoroscopic images of the body structure being examined or treated. It is used in many types of examinations and procedures, such as barium X-rays, cardiac catheterization, arthrography (visualization of a joint or joints), lumbar puncture, placement of intravenous (IV) catheters (hollow tubes inserted into veins or arteries), intravenous pyelogram, hysterosalpingogram, and biopsies. Other uses of fluoroscopy include, but are not limited to, the following: Locating foreign bodies Viscosupplementation injections of the knees. A procedure in which a liquid substance that acts as a cartilage replacement or supplement is injected into the knee joint. Image-guided anesthetic injections into joints or the spine Percutaneous vertebroplasty. A minimally invasive procedure used to treat compression fractures of the vertebrae of the spine. What is Fluoroscopy? For procedures that require catheter insertion, such as cardiac catheterization or catheter placement, an additional line insertion site may be used in the groin, elbow, or other site. Uses of Fluoroscopy How is Fluoroscopy Performed? An intravenous (IV) line will be inserted in the patient's hand or arm. The patient will be positioned on the X-ray table. Fluoroscopy may be part of an examination or procedure that is done on either an outpatient or inpatient basis. The specific type of procedure or examination being done will determine whether any preparation prior to the procedure is required. Your doctor should notify you of any preprocedure instructions. Although each facility may have specific protocols in place and specific examinations and procedures may differ, fluoroscopy procedures generally follow this process: Fluoroscopy is a study of moving body structures--similar to an X-ray "movie." A continuous X-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined, and is transmitted to a TV-like monitor so that the body part and its motion can be seen in detail. Fluoroscopy, as an imaging tool, enables doctors to look at many body systems, including the skeletal, digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive systems. Fluoroscopy may be performed to evaluate specific areas of the body, including the bones, muscles, and joints, as well as solid organs such as the heart, lung, or kidneys.

Fluoroscopy

Transcript: What is Fluoroscopy? Pros: - Provides detailed internal view of the body (blood vessels, organs) - Creates a stronger understanding of an internal area - Benefits ones overall health When it comes to the overall moral and ethical generalization of fluoroscopy, it obtains a good reputation. The fluoroscopic procedure began in the nineteenth century. Since then, it has developed a strong contribution to the medical field. It has assisted physicians with the placement of devices within the body, with surgery(joint replacements, etc), helped identify direction of movements and with the overall visualization of blood vessels and organs. Fluoroscopy is definitely considered beneficial, but there is however, one aspect that raises some concern; which leads us back to radiation. In the past, the use of the fluoroscope has sparked some questions, as there is a negative stigma on the use of the radiation, to some extent of course. A considerably large population of people both in and out of the medical field question whether it is safe to participate in a fluoroscopic process, as it is believed to be hazardous to the patients and practitioners. On the other side of the equation, there is a vast amount of people who believe that the probability of being harmed by radiation is low, and withhold a strong sense of confidence with the procedure. Pros/Cons Effects of fluoroscopy on the human body Moral/Ethical Issues The primary effect that a fluoroscopic procedure can have on the human body is radiation exposure. The process of fluoroscopy is essentially the use of radiation, which can be dangerous and problematic to an individuals body if not handled correctly. Depending on the dose of radiation one may receive during fluoroscopy, there is a constant concern of being harmed by the implementation of radiation. There are two main potential effects: Radiation burns: There is a chance that the radiation flowing through your body can burn the underlying skin. Radiation induced cancers: After the fluoroscopic procedure, there is an unlikely, though possible chance of someone obtaining a cancer later in life These effects have the potential of occurring, fluoroscopy is generally a safe procedure. Cons: - Risk of harmful effects from radiation (burns, cancer) - Inflicts burden on environment Jillian Cavuoti Fluoroscopy is a type of medical procedure that provides an x-ray image of a part of a body on a monitor. It is essentially the same as taking a regular x-ray, however the result is continuous, as you are able to see the movement of the body part. The procedure is done using a fluoroscope. The machine sends out continuous or pulsing x-ray beams that take multiple shots of the organ/select area of the body, allowing it to be viewed with movement, known ultimately as an 'x-ray video'. Fluoroscopy enables physicians to assess a part of the body in greater detail. Environmental Impacts When evaluating the possible environmental impacts of fluoroscopy, there are not many outstanding points. Although there are certain things to consider that most definitely effect the environment in some aspect. The number one component of the fluoroscopic procedure is, of course, radiation. Although these waves mainly affect an individuals health directly, it also pertains to the environment. Like any process involving radiation, fluoroscopy needs to dispose of the radioactive waste. That being said, if not disposed of properly, the effects can be very negative and last a lifetime. Improper disposal is unfortunately not uncommon and is injurious to air, soil and water quality. Apart from the typical effects on the domain around us, fluoroscopy can potentially impact ones well being. Depending on the type of injection,if any, that someone can receive prior to the fluoroscopic procedure, there is a chance that someones level of energy can be altered. Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy

Transcript: Fluoroscopy Used by Medical Professionals most common use is gastrointestinal (GI) Allows them to see how the intestines Used to see how organs function Can see internal organs while they are moving Used for: How does it work? Well, it is used by physicians to get real -time moving images of the internal structure of a patient. In its simplest form, itfluoroscope consists of an X-ray source and fluorescent screen between which a patient is placed modern fluoroscopes couple the screen to an X-ray image intensifier and CCD video camera allowing the images to be recorded and played on a monitor. Something along the lines of an x-ray, a fluoroscopy sees the insides of a patient, like the colon, intestines, or possibly the stomach. In other words, a study of moving body structures, or like an x-ray movie. A continuous x-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined. Barium is given to the patient to drink prior to the exam, which makes the organs appear bright white. Is not just for viewing organs, you can also view that bones in the hands, as seen in the video, feet, ext. Importance to Human Health Allows doctors and medical proffessionals to view inside the intestines, colon, and other internal organs. Helps guide a variety of diagnostic and interventional procedures. helps physicians make a more accurate diagnosis by being able to see everything Helps correctly place needles and injections. Guides fracture reduction and placement of metalwork for orthopaedic surgery helps the implantation of cardiac rhythm management devices placement of feeding tubes where previous attempts have failed Risks radiation radiation incuded cancer damage to skin and underlying tissues (burns) harmful to pregnancy However, this can prevented by using the proper safety equipment. Originally cardboard funnels that were closed with a thin piece of cardboard that was coated on the inside with a layer of flourescent metal salt. Radiologists would often suffer from radiation burns and death from the lack of knowledge about the dangers of radiation. Advantages of having a Fluoroscopy History Fluoroscopy and Radiography Barium x-rays and enemas Under Table Systems long bone fractures Fluoroscopy and Radiography -Minimally invasive -Less distruption of soft tissue -Improves accuracy of incisions -Reduces blood loss -Reduces length of hospital stay Uses benign tumors Multifunctional System Orthopedic surgery Discovered November 8th, 1895. Wilhelm Röntgen Cancer Dr. Stephen Ferraro Catheter insertion Fluoroscopy and Angiography Blood flow studies -Required technical expertise -Potential radiation exposure -Specialized equipment necessary -High equipment costs -Costs $40 000- $80 000 bone biopsies spinal fusions Disadvantages of Having a Fluoroscopy Ulcers intestinal Illnesses Over Table System

Fluoroscopy

Transcript: Fluoroscopy Risks Fluoroscopy helped scientists better understand cellular processes because they were able to see how cellular systems operate as a whole as well as in very clear detail. Fluoroscopy allowed them to be able to see how the cells move and interact with each other and the body, which was a very big and beneficial help to the society. How does it work? By: Alia.A & Suji.U A type of medical procedure that uses x-rays to create a set of moving images (like a movie) of the patient's internal structures through a fluoroscope (type of x-ray machine that uses a continuous x-ray beam) Benefits Risks & Benefits What is Fluoroscopy? Fluoroscopy uses an x-ray beam that is passed through the body part being examined. The beam is transmitted to a TV like monitor so the body part and it's motion can be viewed in more detail. Why is Fluoroscopy used? -Lie on the table or stand -Painless procedure -You might also need to drink barium -The camera will be moved to a position above or in front of you procedure can either take a few minutes or an hour depending -Having to remove any accessory or clothing found in the area being scanned What can the patient expect? Risks radiation induced burns radiation cancer (highly unlikely) Benefits valuable + detailed information can be obtained fast and painless Morals & Ethical Issues Enhancement of the understanding of cells and cellular processes assessing stomach and bowel movement and function detecting obstructions in the airway or blood vessels It is used in many injections, treatments, examinations and procedures used to look at many body systems, including the skeletal, digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive systems. used to see specific areas of the body, such as the bones, muscles, and joints, as well as solid organs, like the heart, lung, or kidneys. It's most often used to view the stomach, esophagus and upper small intestine Fluoroscopy is mainly seen as a good contribution to the medical field, because of how it helps doctors and physicians in so many ways. However some people wonder if its worth the risk to the patient even if majority of people believe that the probability of getting harmed is low. 62 ECG bpm

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