Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Transcript: Cardiomyopathy Life History Deficiency in "Fruit of Paradise" leading to cardiomyopathy Gorilla gorilla gorilla Methods of Research Bibliography One of two species of Western gorilla that are found in Central Africa. Travel within home range of 3-18 sq. miles and are not territorial. They often only travel for seasonal changes of ripening fruit, their favored source of nutrition. These gorillas are critically endangered due to Ebola outbreaks, poaching and deforestation Observed the consumption of Aframomum seeds a.k.a. "fruits of paradise". Hypothesise its role on cardiomyopathy. Test its nutritional contents for possible prevention of cardiomyopathy. Background Info Breuer, T., Hockemba, M. B. N., Olejniczak, C., Parnell, R. J., & Stokes, E. J. (2009). Physical maturation, life‐history classes and age estimates of free‐ranging western gorillas—insights from Mbeli Bai, Republic of Congo. American journal of primatology, 71(2), 106-119. Calvert, J. J. (1985). Food selection by western gorillas (Gg gorilla) in relation to food chemistry. Oecologia, 65(2), 236-246. Dybas, C. L., & Raskin, I. (2007). Out of Africa: A Tale of Gorillas, Heart Disease... and a Swamp Plant. BioScience, 57(5), 392-397. Mascie-Taylor, C. N., Foley, R. A., Jablonski, N., Strier, K., Little, M., & Weiss, K. M. (2003). Gorilla biology: a multidisciplinary perspective. A. B. Taylor, & M. L. Goldsmith (Eds.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Mundy, N. I., Ancrenaz, M., Wickings, E. J., & Lunn, P. G. (1998). Protein deficiency in a colony of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 261-268. Popovich, D. G., Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Dierenfeld, E. S., Carroll, R. W., Tariq, N., & Vidgen, E. (1997). The western lowland gorilla diet has implications for the health of humans and other hominoids. The Journal of nutrition, 127(10), 2000-2005. Remis, M. J., Dierenfeld, E. S., Mowry, C. B., & Carroll, R. W. (2001). Nutritional aspects of western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) diet during seasons of fruit scarcity at Bai Hokou, Central African Republic. International Journal of Primatology, 22(5), 807-836. Rogers, M. E., Abernethy, K., Bermejo, M., Cipolletta, C., Doran, D., Mcfarland, K., ... & Tutin, C. E. (2004). Western gorilla diet: a synthesis from six sites.American Journal of Primatology, 64(2), 173-192. Rogers, M. E., Maisels, F., Williamson, E. A., Fernandez, M., & Tutin, C. E. (1990). Gorilla diet in the Lope Reserve, Gabon. Oecologia, 84(3), 326-339. Rogers, M. E., Williamson, E. A., & Tutin, C. E. (1988). Effects of the dry season on gorilla diet in Gabon. Swain, T. (1979). Tannins and lignins. Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York, 657-682. Tutin, C. E. (1996). Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. Great ape societies, 58-70. Yamagiwa, J., & Mwanza, N. (1994). Day-journey length and daily diet of solitary male gorillas in lowland and highland habitats. International Journal of Primatology, 15(2), 207-224. Introduction Implications of this Finding Improved diet for captive gorillas Reduces numbers of deaths that succumb to the disease; longevity of the species. Immediate and long term Research Immediate medical attention for those currently effected by cardiomyopathy. long term - studies of this plant can be implicated into drugs for humans due to its anti- inflammatory properties. Need For Nutritional Research By: Stephanie Roldan & Eddy Ramos A condition where the muscles in the heart turn into fibrous bands that impede the heart from pumping blood to the rest of the body. Wild gorillas aren't prone to heart disease. They are mostly dying from Ebola. The answers to better survival rate of captive gorillas may be found in their diet. Especially since diets vary considerably from zoo to zoo. Observations and Hypotheses In the Ginger family. Gorillas not only eat the plant but use it to make the nests, or beds (Gerard, J. 1633) A key player in the prevention of cardiomyopathy The Aframomum melegueta plant contains a potent antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory, a "natural drug." Current State of Research Captivity research is available and prominant due to C.E. status (Swain, 1979). Locations/ ranges where gorilla's can be found (Calvert, 1985). Interbreading which may have led to a sub-species (Rogers, 1988). Birth of captive gorilla, and matting process (Rogers, 1990). Dominace structure of females within a social group (Yamagiwa, 1994). Exploitation of gorilla which led to endangerment (Tutin, 1996). Substantial research done on Ebola crisis (Popovich, 1997). Possible originators of HIV/AIDs (Popovich, 1997). History Of Nutritional Research Pre- 2000's Diet is a very active topic Higher rate of cardiomyopathy for captive gorillas (41 % of death in zoos are due to this condition.) Missing element in the diets of captive gorillas Adult male gorillas are