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Human Nutrition Powerpoint

Transcript: Carbohydrates Lipids Provide water-repelling nature to aquatic birds and mammals. Serve as building blocks for many hormones. Constitute an important part of the plasma membrane. Lipids are hydrophobic, meaning they are water-fearing. They are insoluble in water due to their nonpolar nature. The hydrophobic nature of lipids makes them repel water. Nonpolar molecules make lipids unable to mix with water. Lipids exhibit a strong aversion to water due to their nonpolar composition. Carbohydrates meet your body's energy needs. Roles of carbohydrates include: - Feeding your brain and nervous system. - Keeping your digestive system fit. - Helping keep your body lean within calorie limits. - Adding bulk to foods along with fats and protein. Indigestible carbohydrates yield other benefits besides providing little or no energy. Managing Intake: Recent research suggests limiting starch intake to <1 g starch/kg BW/meal to reduce the risk of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (Luthersson et al 2009). Deficiencies of iodine and selenium induce poor utilization of absorbed iron that aggravates iron deficiency in humans (Welch, 1986). Finally, vitamin B12 deficiency can cause anemia (iron-resistant or pernicious anemia), and although there are no extensive maps of cobalt-deficient soils (vitamin B12 contains cobalt), the extent of vitamin B12 deficiency is increasing as more extensive testing is conducted (Stabler and Allen, 2004). Older human nutrition texts identify iron-deficiency anemia as one symptom of zinc deficiency Salmon, trout, and tuna are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function and normal growth. They may contribute to the prevention of heart disease. They can also reduce the risk of cancer. Salmon, trout, and tuna are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids play a key role in brain function and growth. They have potential for preventing heart disease. They may contribute to reducing cancer risk. Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/human-nutrition Reference: https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/2-3-biological-molecules/ Vitamins Proteins Proteins are abundant organic molecules in living systems. Proteins have a diverse range of functions, including structural, regulatory, contractile, and protective roles. They can serve in transport, storage, or membranes. Proteins may also function as toxins or enzymes. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients needed in small amounts. They do not provide energy, but are essential for metabolic processes. They enable the body to extract energy from macronutrients like carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Micronutrients support the utilization and absorption of macronutrients. Vitamins and minerals play a crucial role in overall nutrient metabolism and utilization. Enzymes are catalysts in biochemical reactions, produced by living cells. Enzymes are usually proteins and are specific for the substrate they act upon. They function to break molecular bonds, rearrange bonds, or form new bonds. Consuming orange and yellow fruit and vegetables provides essential vitamins and minerals. These include carrots, red capsicum, mangoes, sweet potatoes, apricots, pumpkin, and cantaloupe. Leafy green vegetables like spinach, peas, and broccoli are also rich in key nutrients. Incorporating these colorful vegetables into your diet can support overall health and well-being. The combination of these fruits and vegetables contributes to a balanced and nutritious diet. Refeerence:https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals#about-vitamins-and-minerals Minerals Water Water is vital to our health. It plays a key role in many of our body’s functions, including bringing nutrients to cells, getting rid of wastes, protecting joints and organs, and maintaining body temperature. Water should almost always be your go-to beverage. Choose it over sugary drinks like soda or juice, which can be high in simple sugars and calories. Zinc is essential for growth, development, and immune function. Zinc plays a role in producing the active form of vitamin A. Zinc facilitates the transportation of vitamin A throughout the body. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K can be stored long-term in the liver and body fat. Water-soluble vitamins, such as B-complex and vitamin C, have shorter storage periods. Vitamin deficiency takes weeks or months to impact health. It’s recommended that men drink 13 cups (about 3 liters) of water each day. Women are recommended to drink 9 cups (just over 2 liters) of water each day. Pregnant women should drink 10 cups of water daily, and breastfeeding women should drink 12 cups. Kids and teens should drink 6 to 8 cups of water a day. Again, this all depends on activity level, age, weight, etc. Reference: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals#about-vitamins-and-minerals Reference:

Nutrition Powerpoint

Transcript: Something you should know.... Source of Protein Fun Fact: High strength alloys High temperature steels Aircraft parts Missile parts Daily Recommended Intake Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Recommended Dietarty Intake (RDI) In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas is usually producing enough insulin but, for unknown reasons, the body cannot use the insulin effectively. The disease typically occurs, in cells comprising muscle and other tissues become resistant to insulin's action, especially among the obese. Insulin permits the entry of glucose into most cells, where this sugar is used for energy, stored in the liver and muscles (as glycogen), and converted to fat when present in excess. Insulin resistance leads to higher than normal levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia). In the 1960s, chromium was found to correct glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in deficient animals, two indicators that the body is failing to properly control blood-sugar levels and which are precursors of type 2 diabetes. reports of actual chromium deficiency in humans are rare. Three hospitalized patients who were fed intravenously showed signs of diabetes (including weight loss, neuropathy, and impaired glucose tolerance) until chromium was added to their feeding solution. The chromium, added at doses of 150 to 250 mcg/day for up to two weeks, corrected their diabetes symptoms. Chromium is now routinely added to intravenous solutions. Research Shows… Body Weight and Composition Chromium Deficiency Knowledge of molybdenum dates back to the Middle Ages. Pure molybdenum was first produced in 1893. In 2003, researchers did a small study on people with advanced kidney cancer. Researchers gave tetrathiomolybdate (a form of molybdenum) to 15 patients to reduce the copper levels in their bodies. Even though no one had their cancer go away, 4 people's tumors stopped growing for 6 months. But some patients had anemia (low red blood cell counts) or low white blood cell counts due to the lack of copper and had to have their molybdenum doses reduced. The researchers noted that this approach might be useful if used along with other cancer treatments. They recommended large, well-controlled studies to look at tetrathiomolybdate more closely. However, a small 2006 study did not show a reduction in growth of advanced prostate cancer. Chromium supplements are sometimes claimed to reduce body fat and increase lean (muscle) mass. Yet a recent review of 24 studies that examined the effects of 200 to 1,000 mcg/day of chromium (in the form of chromium picolinate) on body mass or composition found no significant benefits. Another recent review of randomized, controlled clinical trials did find supplements of chromium picolinate to help with weight loss when compared to placebos, but the differences were small and of debatable clinical relevance. In several studies, chromium's effects on body weight and composition may be called into question because the researchers failed to adequately control for the participants' food intakes. Furthermore, most studies included only a small number of subjects and were of short duration The effects of chromium supplementation on blood lipid levels in humans are also inconclusive. In some studies, 150 to 1,000 mcg/day has decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increased concentrations of apolipoprotein A (a component of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol known as HDL or "good" cholesterol) in subjects with atherosclerosis or elevated cholesterol or among those taking a beta-blocker drug. These findings are consistent with the results of earlier studies. chromium supplements have shown no favorable effects on blood lipids in other studies. The mixed research findings may be due to difficulties in determining the chromium status of subjects at the start of the trials and the researchers' failure to control for dietary factors that influence blood lipid levels. Sources of it are mainly food, like legumes (beans, peas, and lentils; grains; leafy vegetables; liver; and nuts Molybdenum is a trace mineral that is necessary for the conversion of purines in foods to uric acid It is also essential for the function and repair of healthy cells It is also sold as a supplement. It is usually seen as sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate and combined understood. The DRI for molybdenum is about 80 mcg, but according to Any Vitamins website, dosages of up to 250 mcg, or 0.25 mg, are considered safe. Larger doses may lead to gout, which is a painful condition that affects the joints. Some Effects of Molybdenum Chromium is widely distributed in the food supply, but most foods provide only a small amounts. meats and whole-grain products, some fruits, vegetables, and spices are relatively good sources however, foods in simply sugars (like sucrose and fructose) are low in chromium There are reports of significant age-related decreases in the chromium concentrations of

Nutrition Powerpoint

Transcript: Vivian Torres Brea Hymond Vitamin B12 Function Helps to form myelin, which is a fatty cover that insulates your nerves. * Helps to produce energy from metabolism of fat and protein. * Helps to produce hemoglobin, which is the component of your red blood cells that carrys oxygen to your cells. This is why a vitamin B12 deficiency can cause fatigue. * Reduces your homocysteine level, which lowers your risk of stroke, heart disease, cancer, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, and many degenerative diseases. * Regulates growth, maintenance, and reproduction of all of your cells Signs of Deficiency Chronic fatigue - macrocytic / megaloblastic anemia Unexplained numbness or tingling of arms or legs Anxiety and irritability Depression Digestive problems like a sore tongue, loss of appetite, and constipation Poor hair muscle weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, numbness, heart palpitations, bleeding gums and mouth sores, nausea, poor appetite and diarrhea. Vitamin B-12 Gives You . Increased energy Restored mental clarity, and help with memory loss Reduced daily stress and irritability And many other great health benefits What foods provide vitamin B12? Mollusks, clam, mixed species, cooked Liver, beef, braised Fortified breakfast cereals Trout, rainbow, wild, cooked Salmon, sockeye, cooked Trout, rainbow, farmed, cooked Beef, top sirloin, lean, choice, broiled Fast Food, Cheeseburger, regular, double patty & bun Fast Food, Taco, 1 large Fortified breakfast cereals Yogurt, plain, skim Haddock, cooked Clams, breaded & fried Tuna, white, canned in water, drained solids Milk Pork, cured, ham, lean only, canned, roasted Egg, whole, hard boiled American pasteurized cheese food Chicken, breast, meat only, roasted What Is Vitamin B12? Vitamin B12 is also called cobalamin because it contains the metal cobalt. This vitamin helps maintain healthy nerve cells and red blood cells . It is also needed to help make DNA, the genetic material in all cells . Vitamin B12 is bound to the protein in food. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach releases B12 from proteins in foods during digestion. Once released, vitamin B12 combines with a substance called gastric intrinsic factor . This complex can then be absorbed by the intestinal tract. Are there any risks associated with too much vitamin B12? Vitamin B12 is considered safe and non-toxic . Why is vitamin B12 necessary? Knowing the facts about vitamin B is vital for healthy cells: vitamin B12 affects the development and maintenance of red blood cells, nerve cells, and normal myelination (covering) of nerve cells. It also aids in the production of DNA and RNA, and the production of neurotransmitters. " Slogan " Vitamin B12 fills you up inside. Mrs. Dorton Nutrition P2

Infant Nutrition Powerpoint

Transcript: Calcium Essential Fatty Acids Iron Magnesium Potassium Vitamin A,C,D, and E Zinc A child needs its nutrients because it can make them healthy and strong. What is an Infant? The term infant is typically applied to young children between the ages of 1 month and 12 months. ADVANTAGES: Breastfeeding lowers your baby's risk of having asthma or allergies. Babies who are breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months, without any formula, have fewer ear infections, respiratory illnesses, and bouts of diarrhea. Bottlefeeding is less demanding. Breastfed babies often want to feed more often, not only because they are hungry but for comfort as well. What nutrients do a baby need? Why? Disadvantages: Infant formula is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age, usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder or liquid. What reasons would an infant need a certain formula? What is baby formula? Breastfeeding: Feeding a child human breast milk Bottlefeeding: The practice of feeding an infant a substitute for breast milk Breastfeeding:- A breastfed baby needs to be fed every 1 ½ – 3 hours. - Some medications are passed through breast milk. - You need to eat a balanced diet. - You don’t know how much milk they’re getting. Bottlefeeding:- Not as efficiently utilized as breast milk. - Nutritional content depends on proper preparation. - Some babies have difficulty tolerating certain nutrients. - Pediatrician/care-giver determines amount. Infant Nutrition PowerPoint Breastfeeding and Bottlefeeding:

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