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Transcript: Seafloor spreading Sea-floor spreading is the process in which the ocean floor is extended when two plates move apart. As the plates move apart, the rocks break and form a crack between the plates. Earthquakes occur along the plate boundary. Magma rises through the cracks and seeps out onto the ocean floor like a long, thin, undersea volcano. As magma meets the water, it cools and solidifies, adding to the edges of the sideways-moving plates. As magma piles up along the crack, a long chain of mountains forms gradually on the ocean floor. This chain is called an oceanic ridge. The boundaries where the plates move apart are 'constructive' because new crust is being formed and added to the ocean floor. The ocean floor gradually extends and thus the size of these plates increases. As these plates get bigger, others become smaller as they melt back into the Earth in the process called subduction. The new rock at the edge has no sediments like the sand or mud, since it is formed only recently. Farther away from the ridge, sand and mud gradually settle on it, in an ever-thickening blanket. The oldest rocks may have 14,000 feet of sand and other sediments resting on top of it. An example of an oceanic ridge is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is one part of a system of mid-oceanic ridges that stretches for 50,000 miles through the world's oceans. The underwater mountains of the ridge may not be more than two miles higher than the surrounding sea floor. Abundant evidence supports the major contentions of the seafloor-spreading theory. First, samples of the deep ocean floor show that basaltic oceanic crust and overlying sediment become progressively younger as the mid-ocean ridge is approached, and the sediment cover is thinner near the ridge. Second, the rock making up the ocean floor is considerably younger than the continents, with no samples found over 200 million years old, as contrasted with maximum ages of over 3 billion years for the continental rocks. This confirms that older ocean crust has been reabsorbed in ocean trench systems. By the mid-1960s studies of the earth's magnetic field showed a history of periodic reversals in polarity (see paleomagnetism). A timescale for “normal” and “reversed” polarity was established, showing 171 magnetic “flip-flops” in the past 76 million years. Magnetic surveys conducted near the mid-ocean ridge showed elongated patterns of normal and reversed polarity of the ocean floor in bands paralleling the rift and symmetrically distributed as mirror images on either side of it. The magnetic history of the earth is thus recorded in the spreading ocean floors as in a very slow magnetic tape recording, forming a continuous record of the movement of the ocean floors. Other supportive evidence has emerged from study of the fracture zones that offset the sections of the ridge. Sections in this article: Read more: seafloor spreading: Supporting Evidence for Seafloor Spreading — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0860994.html#ixzz1ecWGFkw3 Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός "pertaining to building")[1] is a scientific theory that describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory builds on the concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century, and accepted by the majority of the geoscientific community when the concepts of seafloor spreading were developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates. In the case of the Earth, there are currently seven or eight major (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. The lithospheric plates ride on the asthenosphere. These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries: convergent, or collisional boundaries; divergent boundaries, also called spreading centers; and conservative transform boundaries. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from 0–100 mm annually.[2] The tectonic plates are composed of two types of lithosphere: thicker continental and thin oceanic. The upper part is called the crust, again of two types (continental and oceanic). This means that a plate can be of one type, or of both types. One of the main points the theory proposes is that the amount of surface of the (continental and oceanic) plates that disappears in the mantle along the convergent boundaries by subduction is more or less in equilibrium with the new (oceanic) crust that is formed along the divergent margins by seafloor spreading. This is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This is in contrast with earlier theories advocated before the Plate Tectonics paradigm, as it is sometimes called, became the main scientific model, theories that proposed gradual shrinking

PowerPoint Game Templates

Transcript: Example of a Jeopardy Template By: Laken Feeser and Rachel Chapman When creating without a template... http://www.edtechnetwork.com/powerpoint.html https://www.thebalance.com/free-family-feud-powerpoint-templates-1358184 Example of a Deal or No Deal Template PowerPoint Game Templates There are free templates for games such as jeopardy, wheel of fortune, and cash cab that can be downloaded online. However, some templates may cost more money depending on the complexity of the game. Classroom Games that Make Test Review and Memorization Fun! (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://people.uncw.edu/ertzbergerj/msgames.htm Fisher, S. (n.d.). Customize a PowerPoint Game for Your Class with These Free Templates. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/free-powerpoint-games-for-teachers-1358169 1. Users will begin with a lot of slides all with the same basic graphic design. 2. The, decide and create a series of questions that are to be asked during the game. 3. By hyper linking certain answers to different slides, the game jumps from slide to slide while playing the game. 4. This kind of setup is normally seen as a simple quiz show game. Example of a Wheel of Fortune Template https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Wheel-of-Riches-PowerPoint-Template-Plays-Just-Like-Wheel-of-Fortune-383606 Games can be made in order to make a fun and easy way to learn. Popular game templates include: Family Feud Millionaire Jeopardy and other quiz shows. http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/deal-powerpoint-template/ Quick video on template "Millionaire" PowerPoint Games Some games are easier to make compared to others If users are unsure whether or not downloading certain templates is safe, you can actually make your own game by just simply using PowerPoint. add logo here References Example of a Family Feud Template PowerPoint Games are a great way to introduce new concepts and ideas You can create a fun, competitive atmosphere with the use of different templates You can change and rearrange information to correlate with the topic or idea being discussed. Great with students, workers, family, etc. For example: With games like Jeopardy and Family Feud, players can pick practically any answers. The person who is running the game will have to have all of the answers in order to determine if players are correct or not. However, with a game like Who Wants to be a Millionaire, the players only have a choice between answers, A, B, C, or D. Therefore, when the player decides their answer, the person running the game clicks it, and the game will tell them whether they are right or wrong.

Installing New Systems

Transcript: Direct Installation This is a useful strategy when you have a system made up of a number of sub systems. The idea is to introduce a new sub system every time you are done testing the one before. This helps with things such as working out the small issues with each part of the system rather than working out them all in one go. The downside is that it costs quite a lot of money to be able to keep installing little bits of software due to the time it takes to do it. Advantages: It has very controlled management of risk. Doesn't cause much disruption in the company. Disadvantages: The sub system has to be thoroughly tested. The big disadvantage with this is that it may not be possible for the sub system to be used in this simple form. With this type of installation, the idea is to try out the new system in only one part of the organization. This is a popular approach due to how it allows a company to evaluate a systems performance and qualities before commiting to it through the entire organization. Again the only downside to this is that it make take more time which means more money and more manpower. Advantages: Allows evaluation of systems qualities and performance. If any problems, they are less noticed by the customers of the company when only used in a small section of the company. Disadvantages: Takes a lot of time. Take a lot of man power. Parallel Installation This is a very popular way of doing things due to how it has a relatively low risk, the basic idea is to run the old system alongside the new system for a while. With this method it can been analyzed as to how much better or worse then new system is working as compared to the old system. The only downside to this is that doing everything twice in the end just starts to cost more and more money. Advantages: This is relatively low risk. The outputs and behavior of each system. Disadvantages: It does duplicates of everything so the costs of things are doubled. There may specialist hardware or equipment that is required by both systems in order to work properly. With this type of installation the system is tested to ensure that it runs and does its job correctly, then the old system is removed and the new system is put in place. This has very large issues due to the fact if testing didn't cover as larger range as it needed then the system has a high chance of failing due to the demand of it. The advantage however is that it is relatively cheap to do because it doesn't take very long. Advantages: Fast and easy to do. Good for when the system has no massive impact on the companys services. Disadvantages: Any problems with a system will have an immediate impact on the day to day of the organization. Needs a lot of testing before the system is implemented. Phased Installation Installing New Systems Pilot Installation

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