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Camouflage

Transcript: In this 2nd Grade unit, the students will learn all about camouflage. For two weeks, they will engage in fun activities that pertain to all different kinds of animals who learn to blend into their environment. They will learn new vocabulary pertaining to the topic. They will also have the chance to be creative based on what they learned throughout the unit. Objectives 1 The students will watch the introductory video (Leopard stealth) and through group discussion, find 3 key points about the leopard in the video to type a short Power Point summary. 2 As a class, students will watch a portion of “Kings of Camouflage” and discuss what they observed the cuttlefish do, taking notes of all the key points the teacher mentions (which will also be displayed on the whiteboard). The students will then get into pairs to use Microsoft Word to create a Venn Diagram that compare and contrast the animals listing at least four differences and one similarity between the animals in regards to their environment and food source. 3 After the teacher has read 3-D Close Up: Animal Camouflage, the students will search online in groups for different kinds of camouflaged animals through child-friendly sites. The students will individually create “Inspiration” maps based on 2 different camouflage animals they choose and include 2 descriptions of each (one of their habitat and one of how they camouflage). 4 Individually, the students will create a camouflaged animal of their own on Kidpix using the lesson vocabulary to 1) describe what kind of animal it is, 2) how it camouflages, and 3) what kind of environment it lives in. 5 Individually, students will create a habitat that corresponds to the animals that they had previously created with KidPix and should include 2 things- food source, shelter/hiding place. What's Required? Materials Hardware Computers Printers DVD/VCR Resources Print outs coloring pages word puzzles student work 3-D Close Up: Animal Camouflage by Daniel Gilpin Software Microsoft Word Microsft PowerPoint Mozilla FireFox Inspiration KidPix Accomodations Resource Students Be aware of students IEP when teaching lesson Allow for more visual/ hands on material for student Allow for more time for completion Allow for other students to act as peer assistants OR allow for outside helpers/volunteers to come in for assistance Follow the students strong suits and incorporate them in the lesson English Language Learners (ELL) Provide vocabulary lists in English and Spanish if needed Provide extra time to complete assignments Provide after school tutoring lab Partner up with a peer assistant (try a bilingual student first) Gifted Students Provide material (coloring pages, puzzles, etc) that will expand their level of thinking Allow for them to act as peer assistants for students who need extra help Provide resources for more in depth research on an idea related to the lesson topic THE END miscellaneous craft material: pipe cleaners ribbons glitter sand/sandpaper cotton balls, etc Sheets of Plastic Material Subject Areas Include: English Reading Writing Science Technology Art Camouflage Unit notebook paper pencils glue markers/crayons construction paper child scissors cardboard boxes poster board whiteboard and dry-erase markers.

Camouflage

Transcript: Contents Matte surfaces viewing angle does not matter Glossy surfaces viewing angle matters. Illusory contours: and edge appears to be between light and dark http://cns-alumni.bu.edu/~slehar/ConstructiveAspect/ConstructiveAspect.html Acoustical avoidance incurs cost Binocular stereo vision Other borders (not object borders) Strategies of making your body less detectable If the 2d symmetry does not resemble 3d symmetry then the object might not be correctly identified. Objects and Shape http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/youtyuu/HTMLs/tobimonooedashaku.html 2 dimensional symmetric coloration Disrupting edge detection process Akino et al. 2004 Strong edges perpendicular to the true border Make your boundaries hard to detect from the immediate background Camouflage and Visual Perception Recognizing 3d shape from 2d info Minimize motion itself Fringe lipped bat vs a frog chemical mimicry: Biston Robustum Shohet, A. J., Baddeley, R. J., Anderson, J. C., Kelman, E. J., & Osorio, D. (2006). Cuttlefish responses to visual orientation of substrates, water flow and a model of motion camouflage. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209(23), 4717–4723. doi:10.1242/jeb.02580 Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus Strong line stimulus can make weaker stimulus invisible Olfaction How to make object recognition difficult? Minimize motion signal created http://www.flightnetwork.com/blog/2010/06/how-to-survive-attacks-from-the-worlds-10-deadliest-animals-3/ Behavior of light http://animaltracks.today.com/_news/2011/09/28/8012376-little-dog-casts-a-big-shadow?lite Reconstructing a 3D shape Electricity Mimic the movement (or its absence) of the immediate surroundings http://www.david.element.ukgateway.net/phasmida1stickinsects1.htm Internal texture Neurons prefer sharp edges - gradient pigmentation along the outline Other types of camouflage Motion signal minimization http://www.goodfon.com/wallpaper/302059.html Edge detection: Looking for sudden changes in intensity Thank you Optic flow mimicry Intensity borders - Objects and illumination - Strategies of making oneself less detectable - Motion detection and camouflage - Recognizing 3d shape from 2d info - Other types of camouflage http://salimramirez.blogspot.jp/2010/05/animal-drawing-2010_29.html Razzle-Dazzle Motion disruption Provide false evidence of boundaries Sound Show high contrast internal detail http://forum.xcitefun.net/camouflage-animals-sophisticated-hiders-t12000.html Adaptively silent when or where predation risk is higher Effect still up for debate 2D shape and symmetry Motion camouflage Laboratory experiments suggest that the output of some fish might have evolved so that low-frequency parts of produced electric fields cancel each other out at a distance of more than couple of centimeters (Stoddard & Markham 2008) http://paisley-and-patterns.blogspot.jp/2011/06/camouflage-four-kinds-of-camouflage-in.html Motion Spectral composition and intensity of reflected light Material properties Fish that use electricity for navigation, prey detection and sexual signaling may also be attracting predators Shadows Illumination and objects http://photo-africa.blogspot.jp/2008_12_01_archive.html

Camouflage

Transcript: Have you ever been outside and noticed how some animals blend into their surroundings? In today’s lesson, we’ll think about how they do that and how that might affect their survival. Share your answers with your group. What does camouflage mean? 1. What helped the moths survive? 2. Why did some moths survive while others perished? 3. How will the offspring of the survivors appear? What will they look like? 4. What are some advantages and disadvantages of camouflage as a survival strategy? How hard will it be to find the offspring of the survivors? Why? What is it called when traits are passed down to offspring that help them survive? 1. England’s industrial revolution gradually coated the countryside with dark soot from factories. How did this affect moth coloration over time? 2. Go outside and see if you can find examples of camouflage. How many moths were found? Now we are going to color in our moths. Try and camouflage them around the classroom. Rules: a. Moths must be visible from the center of the room. b. You may not put the moths under or behind things. c. You may not put them on the ceiling or outside a window. Then the Hungry Birds are going to try and find as many as they can in one minute! Answer in your journals: How can you hide paper moths in plain sight in the classroom? http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full-screen-stopwatch/ Camouflage Other examples of Camouflage Natural Selection! What questions do you have about the importance of camouflage?

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